Extending APScheduler¶
This document is meant to explain how to develop your custom triggers and data stores.
Custom triggers¶
The built-in triggers cover the needs of the majority of all users, particularly so when
combined using AndTrigger
and OrTrigger
.
However, some users may need specialized scheduling logic. This can be accomplished by
creating your own custom trigger class.
To implement your scheduling logic, create a new class that inherits from the
Trigger
interface class:
from __future__ import annotations
from apscheduler.abc import Trigger
class MyCustomTrigger(Trigger):
def next() -> datetime | None:
... # Your custom logic here
def __getstate__():
... # Return the serializable state here
def __setstate__(state):
... # Restore the state from the return value of __getstate__()
Requirements and constraints for trigger classes:
next()
must always either return a timezone awaredatetime
object orNone
if a new run time cannot be calculatednext()
must never return the samedatetime
twice and never one that is earlier than the previously returned one__setstate__()
must accept the return value of__getstate__()
and restore the trigger to the functionally same state as the original
Triggers are stateful objects. The next()
method is where you
determine the next run time based on the current state of the trigger. The trigger’s
internal state needs to be updated before returning to ensure that the trigger won’t
return the same datetime on the next call. The trigger code does not need to be
thread-safe.
Custom data stores¶
If you want to make use of some external service to store the scheduler data, and it’s not covered by a built-in data store implementation, you may want to create a custom data store class. It should be noted that custom data stores are substantially harder to implement than custom triggers.
Data store classes have the following design requirements:
Must publish the appropriate events to an event broker
Code must be thread safe (synchronous API) or task safe (asynchronous API)
The data store class needs to inherit from either DataStore
or
AsyncDataStore
, depending on whether you want to implement the store
using synchronous or asynchronous APIs:
from apscheduler.abc import DataStore, EventBroker
class MyCustomDataStore(Datastore):
def start(self, event_broker: EventBroker) -> None:
... # Save the event broker in a member attribute and initialize the store
def stop(self, *, force: bool = False) -> None:
... # Shut down the store
# See the interface class for the rest of the abstract methods
from apscheduler.abc import AsyncDataStore, AsyncEventBroker
class MyCustomDataStore(AsyncDatastore):
async def start(self, event_broker: AsyncEventBroker) -> None:
... # Save the event broker in a member attribute and initialize the store
async def stop(self, *, force: bool = False) -> None:
... # Shut down the store
# See the interface class for the rest of the abstract methods
Handling temporary failures¶
If you plan to make the data store implementation public, it is strongly recommended that you make an effort to ensure that the implementation can tolerate the loss of connectivity to the backing store. The Tenacity library is used for this purpose by the built-in stores to retry operations in case of a disconnection. If you use it to retry operations when exceptions are raised, it is important to only do that in cases of temporary errors, like connectivity loss, and not in cases like authentication failure, missing database and so forth. See the built-in data store implementations and Tenacity documentation for more information on how to pick the exceptions on which to retry the operations.